Supreme People's Court's Several Opinions Regarding the Actual Practice of Justice for the People, Vigorously Strengthening a Fair Judiciary and Continuously Increasing Judicial Credibility.

Supreme People's Court's Several Opinions Regarding the Actual Practice of Justice for the People, Vigorously Strengthening a Fair Judiciary and Continuously Increasing Judicial Credibility.

Legal Release [2013] No. 9

The following Opinion is hereby submitted to enhance the implementation of the important the Party's 18th Congress's major allocations toward accelerating the establishment of a socialist nation rule of law and General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on establishment of the rule of law, to actively respond to the public's new requests and new expectations of the people's courts in this new era, to truly realize a judiciary for the people and vigorously strengthen the just judiciary and continuously raise the credibility of the people's courts, fully bringing into play the duties and functions of the people's courts.

I. Increase ideological understanding; always make 'the judiciary for the people' and 'judicial fairness' the main line of the people's courts.

1. Deeply recognize the the significant practical meaning of the judiciary for the people and judicial fairness. All levels of people's court should earnestly study the report of the Party's 18th Congress and General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on establishing the rule of law, to fully understand the deep meaning of 'striving to let the people feel fairness and justice from every judicial case" and fully recognizing the important practical meaning of judicial practice for the people, strengthening the just judiciary, increasing judicial credibility to establish a positive image of the people's courts, maintaining the authority of the judiciary, ensuring the effective implementation of the Constitution and law, promoting governance under law and establishing a China with the rule of law.

2. Firmly grasp the advantages and historic opportunities for development of the people's courts. The Party Central Committee highly values the construction of the legal system，entirely values judicial work，supports the judicial organs' independent and fair exercise of adjudication powers in accordance with law, and provides strong political support for the work undertaken by the people's courts；the people ardently desire improvements in the rule of law and a just judiciary, providing a tireless motivation for the people's courts development work; the accumulated experience of generations of court workers acquired in the course of establishing a socialist judicial system with Chinese characteristics has laid a solid foundation for the scientific development of the people's courts. People's courts of all levels should cherish and make full use of the advantages to take firm hold of this historic opportunity, and create a new landscape for the work of the people's courts and write a new chapter in the people's courts' development based on fairness, efficiency, service to the people, integrity, and excellence in practice.

3. Truly resolve the prominent problems faced by the courts in their work. Currently, the situation facing the people's courts is truly complex, their mission truly challenging and the demands of the public upon the courts are greater and greater. 全体法官和法院其他工作人员都要增强责任意识和忧患意识，正视人民法院工作与党中央要求、人民群众期待之间的差距，认真排查并切实解决人民群众反映强烈的突出问题，立足自身查找原因，总结经验教训，改进工作，努力将司法为民、公正司法和司法公信力提高到新的水平。

II. Persist in independent judgments in accordance with law, faithfully perform the duties bestowed by the Constitution and Laws.

4. Handle cases strictly in accordance with law. All judges will further strengthen conviction in advocacy for the rule of law, loyalty to the law, and strict enforcement of the law; continuously improving proficiency in mastery of the law, accurate understanding of the law and correct application of the law; all the while persisting in the principle of having 'the facts as the basis with the law as their measure." The bottom line of the law must not be broken for any reason , and a stop must be put to occurrences of exceeding the law or twisting the law, and all other judgments that violate or pervert the law. The trial of every case must meet the basic requirements of having clearly ascertained facts, correctly applied law, a just disposition, lawful trial procedures, and standardized legal documents, to ensure that the ruling withstand the tests of law and history.

5. Persist in independent exercise of judicial powers in accordance with law. Resolutely carry out the Constitutional principle of the people's courts independent exercise of adjudication powers in accordance with law; resolutely reject all forms of local and departmental protectionism; resolutely exclude the interference of extra-legal factors such as power, money, sentiment and relationships; continuously complete systems and mechanisms for ensuring the people's court's independent exercise of adjudication powers in accordance with law; and resolutely maintain the dignity and authority of the Constitution and laws. All judges should cultivate a professional character in which they dare to stick to principles, dare to stick to the truth, dare to stick to lawful case-handling and dare to undertake their professional duties. Court presidents, vice-presidents, adjudication committee members and chief and associate chief judges of court divisions, in courts at all levels should resolutely support the just trial of all cases by collegial panels and individual judges in accordance with law, and higher courts should resolutely support the lawful and just exercise of adjudication rights by lower courts.

6.Persist in correct implementation of the law. Further strengthen and improve trial supervision and guidance, strive to improve the pertinence, scientificity, rationality and effectiveness of judicial policies and judicial interpretations, and give full play to the important role of guiding cases and reference cases. Establish and improve a rule system for applicable laws, standardize discretionary power, unify judicial standards, strict judgment standards, and continue to promote the standardization of sentencing. Regulate standards for changing judgments, remanding for new trial and raising retrials. Higher courts must both respect lower courts discretion, and also follow the law to correct lower court judgments that are in error.
7. Bring about the guiding role of judicial rulings. On the basis of accurately grasping the spirit of the law and comprehensively observing the social conditions and public opinion, we must make fair judgments in accordance with the law, give full play to the important role of judicial judgments in demonstrating the spirit of the rule of law, strengthening the awareness of rules, leading social customs, and maintaining public order, and resolutely maintain the seriousness of the law, reflecting the correct value orientation. It is necessary to bring complaints-related complaints into the track of the rule of law. It is necessary to unblock the channels for complaints and visits in accordance with the law, and to deal with unreasonable complaints and visits in accordance with the law, and resolutely maintain the res judicata and authority of judicial judgments.

III. Persist in an overall notion of service, strive to realize the unification of legal and social effects.

8. Based on national conditions, grasp the thought process for people's court innovation and development. 针对我国经济社会发展不平衡的实际，各级法院既要不断提升正规化、专业化、职业化水平，又要不断创新符合审判规律、简单易行、便民利民的审判方式方法，满足有效化解各类矛盾纠纷的要求。 要在维护法制统一的前提下，妥善处理因发展不平衡和利益格局调整而产生的法律适用难题，注重司法政策、司法解释对不同地区不同情况的包容性，注重司法规则对不同阶层社会成员适用的公平性。

9. 。Focus on an overall concept of proactive judicial duties and service. 坚持能动司法，发挥司法职能，恪守司法本职，用好司法手段，努力服务大局。 正确处理能动司法、服务大局与依法履行审判职能的关系，不断增强大局意识，自觉把人民法院工作置于党和国家的工作大局之中。 通过制定和实施司法政策、司法解释，努力实现审判工作与大局工作的有机结合；通过个案裁判，审慎、妥善处理因经济社会发展失衡、社会建设滞后、社会管理缺失引发的各种纠纷，全面考量案件涉及的各种因素和裁判对各方面的影响，防止因个案处理失当激化社会矛盾，影响社会稳定。 严禁法院工作人员参与地方招商、联合执法，严禁提前介入土地征收、房屋拆迁等具体行政管理活动。

10. Focus on the integration of judicial trial work and social life. 准确把握人民群众对法院工作的需求与期待，高度重视人民群众对法院工作的关切和评价，切实尊重人民群众对司法公正的普遍认知和共同感受。 不断加强对社会生活的调查研究，认真了解各类社会关系和社会交往的主要方式与规则习惯，善于总结和运用人民群众公认的常识与经验，努力使司法过程和处理结果在法律规定的范围内贴近人民群众的公平正义观念。 大力推进司法诚信和社会诚信建设，利用诉讼活动和司法裁判，加大对诚信行为的保护力度和对失信行为的惩罚力度，提高诚信效益，增大失信成本，严格防范并依法制裁当事人利用诉讼手段逃避责任或谋取不正当利益。

IV. Vigorously enforce the law and handle cases, comprehensively raise the quality and efficiency of trial work.

11. Improve the quality of trials. 深刻认识实现审判工作的高质量、高效率、好效果，是践行司法为民、加强公正司法、提高司法公信力的坚实基础。 坚持把执法办案作为第一要务，把保证审判质量作为第一责任，把推动当事人息诉止争及自动和解作为重点环节，切实提高庭审质量和裁判文书制作质量。 根据提升审判质量的要求，科学设置内设机构，合理配置职权职责，优化配置审判资源，配齐配强审判力量，切实做到将优质审判资源配置到司法办案第一线。 建立健全并认真落实保证审判质量的各项制度机制，不断总结并及时推广有利于提升审判质量的各种经验和做法。

12. Establish and complete trial quality control systems. 根据审判工作的特殊性，构建“点、线、面”多角度、全方位的案件质量控制体系。 “点”上集中把握好重点岗位、重点案件和重点判项；“线”上重点把握好审判活动的重要流程和重要环节；“面”上重点把握好审判工作的基本态势和发展趋势。 建立健全审判质效分析制度、二审案件发回重审或改判及再审案件分析研判制度、常规案件类型化处理制度、典型案件通报制度、审判经验交流制度、庭审观摩评议制度以及裁判文书评查和抽查制度等有助于保证和提升审判质量的制度。

13.Improve the efficiency of trial decision enforcement. 加强立案、审判、执行的沟通、协调与配合，形成审判部门与执行部门的工作合力；进一步规范审判流程，合理确定各审判节点的时限，消除审判流程中的瓶颈和阻滞；进一步规范送达方式，尽量缩短有效送达的时间；有效实行案件的繁简分流，依法适用督促程序、简易程序和小额诉讼程序。 在保证案件质量的前提下，努力缩短诉讼周期，使当事人的合法权益能够尽快实现。 同时，注重均衡结案，不得因提高结案率而不收案或忽视质量而突击结案。

14.Improve the quality assessment system for trials 进一步完善审判质量评估体系，合理设定各种评估指标及其权重，不断提升审判质量评估体系的科学化水平。 坚持正确的司法绩效观，正确认识、综合运用好案件质量评估体系，坚决反对在司法统计和审判质量评估中弄虚作假，避免片面、孤立地追求某些单项评价指标，充分发挥评估体系在反映审判工作的真实水平，引导审判活动公正高效运行，提高法院及法官工作积极性方面的作用。

15. Complete and improve evaluation standards and accountability mechanisms for wrongfully decided cases. 根据审判工作实际，建立科学公正的错案评价体系，明确错案的认定标准；健全错案的分析和问责机制，完善错案分析和问责的相关程序，分清错案的不同情形及不同执法过错的相应责任。 通过全面建立健全防范错案的工作机制，最大限度地避免冤假错案，在司法审判环节坚决守住防范冤假错案的底线。

16. Properly use mediation and adjudication methods. 正确处理调解与判决的关系，充分发挥两种方式的作用和优势。 积极推进和规范诉前调解。 对双方当事人均有调解意愿且有调解可能的纠纷、家庭与邻里纠纷、法律规定不够明确以及简单按照法律处理可能失之公平的纠纷，应当在充分尊重双方当事人意愿的情况下，优先用调解方式处理。 在调解中，坚持贯彻合法自愿原则。 对当事人不愿调解或者有必要为社会提供规则指引的案件纠纷，应当在尊重当事人处分权的前提下，注重采用判决的方式。

V. Perfect systems and mechanisms, increase judicial transparency and judicial democracy

17. Further promote the establishment of systemic trial openness. Persist in promoting justice with openness, earnestly summarize the successful experience of open trial, and further deepen various measures of judicial openness. Proceeding from conducive to strengthening the supervision of society over the trial work and improving the credibility of the trial work, the scope, content, objects, time, procedures, and methods of the trial disclosure shall be clearly stipulated, and judicial disclosure shall be promoted in a steady and orderly manner. Unremittingly improve judicial transparency and gradually improve the system and mechanism of judicial openness.

18. Establish and complete platforms for communication between the judiciary and society. 各级法院都要开通12368电话热线，及时接受和处理群众咨询、投诉、举报，听取意见和建议。 加快建设审判流程公开、裁判文书公开、执行信息公开三大平台，适时公布审判活动信息。 完善法院领导干部接待日制度和新闻发言人制度，增进社会与法院之间的相互了解、理解与信任。 积极开展法院主题开放日活动，主动邀请和组织社会各界代表到法院旁听审判或参观考察，了解法院的审判流程，了解审判工作的特点，了解审判人员的工作状况。

19. Fully bring contemporary information technology into play. Attach importance to the use of modern information technologies and methods such as the Internet, Weibo, and WeChat to expand the influence of judicial disclosure and enrich the form and content of judicial democracy. For cases of widespread concern and disputes of general concern, we must actively, promptly, comprehensively and objectively disclose relevant information, and respond to the concerns and doubts of the public in a targeted manner. It is necessary to study and grasp the laws and characteristics of the mutual influence of public opinion and judicial judgment in the self-media era, strengthen the analysis and judgment of online public opinion, correctly treat opinions and suggestions from all aspects of society, and be brave to correct shortcomings in work and make up for deficiencies in work in a timely manner, dare to resist irrational, illegal demands and malicious public opinion hype, be good at positively guiding public opinion, and gradually form a normalized benign interaction between judicial trials and public opinion.

20. Consciously accept supervision from all sides. Consciously accept the supervision of the National People's Congress, the democratic supervision of the CPPCC, and the litigation supervision of the procuratorial organs. Actively report work to the National People's Congress in accordance with the law, and actively cooperate with the National People's Congress to carry out law enforcement inspections. Do a good job in handling the proposals of people's congress deputies and the proposals of members of the CPPCC. Carry out inspections, inspections, and audits by deputies to the National People's Congress and CPPCC members. Take procuratorial suggestions seriously and try protest cases in accordance with the law. Listen extensively to opinions and suggestions from all walks of life on the work of the court, and consciously accept the supervision of the work of the court by the people and the news media.

21. Give full play to the role of people's assessors. 优化人民陪审员的选任、退出机制，完善人民陪审员的选任条件，扩大人民陪审员的选任范围，提高基层群众比例，增选适应审判工作需要的专家型陪审员。 根据审判工作的要求逐步扩大人民陪审员规模，实施两年内实现人民陪审员数量翻一番的“倍增计划”。 依法拓展人民陪审员陪审案件的范围，明确人民陪审员的权利和义务，加强人民陪审员的培训工作，提高人民陪审员的能力水平，强化人民陪审员的责任意识，保障人民陪审员充分行使陪审权利。

22. Effectively safeguard parties exercise of procedural rights. Implement the principles of respect and protection of human rights, and ensure that the parties freely express their demands in accordance with the law, fully state their reasons, understand the trial process in a timely manner, criticize and accuse the rights of infringement of the right of litigation. Respect the parties' right to choose procedures, and should try their best to allow the parties to decide independently or through consultations on procedural matters that can be determined by the parties independently or through consultation in accordance with the law. Strengthen the interpretation of the application of the law, the interpretation of procedural issues, and the reasoning of adjudication activities, adjudication documents should be treated seriously and fully respond to the propositions and opinions put forward by the parties, and specify the reasons and basis for the court's acceptance or rejection. In the process of litigation, the court shall respond in a timely manner and explain the reasons to the application or question raised by a party.

23.Place great importance on bringing the role of lawyers into play. 理解并尊重律师的职业立场和关切重点，切实保障律师在审判过程中依法履行职责，保障律师依法行使阅卷、举证、质证、辩护等诉讼权利，认真对待并全面回应律师对案件处理的主张和意见。 进一步规范法官与律师的关系，在诉讼活动中各司其职、彼此尊重、互相监督。 完善律师对法官违法行为的投诉及反馈机制。 依法处理律师违反法庭纪律，恶意投诉，诋毁法官、法院声誉等不当行为。

24. Further develop communication activities with legal theorists. 建立人民法院与教学科研单位之间的信息、业务及人员的经常性交流互动机制。 鼓励法官与专家学者共同承担法学理论或司法调研课题，共同研究司法理论与实践问题。 在总结审判经验、制定司法解释和司法政策过程中，要注意听取并认真对待专家学者提出的意见和建议，及时吸纳法学理论研究成果，推动法学理论研究与人民法院司法审判工作的相互促进和共同提高。

VI. Innovate and carry out mechanisms for conveniencing the people, strengthen the actual efficacy of the judiciary for the people.

25. Strengthen the establishment of litigation service windows. 建设好、管理好、运用好诉讼服务中心、立案大厅以及涉诉信访接待窗口，完善各类窗口的实际功能，严格执行统一的工作流程、司法礼仪和服务规范。 切实改进工作作风，善于用人民群众听得懂、易接受的语言和方式进行沟通交流，坚决克服对诉讼参与人冷硬横推的现象，坚决消除门难进、脸难看、话难听、事难办等不良作风，坚决杜绝任何刁难诉讼参与人或应当作为而不作为的现象，努力为人民群众参与各项诉讼活动提供热情、合法、高效的服务。

26. Increase the efficacy of measures to convenience and bennefit the people. 根据人民群众的需求和审判工作的实际需要，因地制宜地开展好节假日预约办案、巡回办案、网上立案、网上办案等便民利民举措。 进一步细化和完善立案、审判、执行和信访等环节的便民利民措施，提高便民利民实效。 注重发挥人民法庭接近基层、了解民情的特殊优势，强化人民法庭在解决基层民间纠纷中的作用，赋予人民法庭作为法院诉讼服务点的职能，方便基层群众起诉、应诉及参与其他诉讼活动。

27.Increase litigation guidance and assistance to the parties. 从现阶段当事人参与诉讼的能力和条件差异较大的实际出发，在保证程序公正和平等对待的前提下，注意为当事人特别是没有委托律师辩护、代理的当事人参与诉讼提供必要的程序性指导与帮助。 强化诉讼权利义务、举证责任、诉讼风险等事项告知工作。 当事人提出调取证据申请，符合法律规定的，或者法庭认为有必要调查、核实的证据，应当依职权调取、核实。 要确保诉讼程序及诉讼活动专业化、规范化的不断提升，始终与人民群众诉讼能力的不断提高相适应。 要让有理无钱的当事人打得起官司，让有理有据的当事人打得赢官司，让打赢官司的当事人及时实现权益。

28. Reduce the parties' litigation costs. 在保证审判质量的前提下，依法选择并适用更为经济的诉讼程序和程序性措施，积极引导当事人理性选择诉讼成本低、负面作用小的诉讼程序，尽可能避免诉讼过程对当事人正常生产生活造成不应有的消极影响，杜绝滥用强制措施损害当事人合法权益的现象。 推动司法救助纳入社会救助制度体系，拓宽司法救助资金筹集渠道，完善诉讼费缓减免制度，不断扩大司法救助的受惠范围。

VII. Further the reform of judicial systems, construct scientific and rational trial operations systems

29. Correctly grasp the overall requirements of judicial reform. 紧紧抓住中央推进新一轮司法改革的有利时机，努力通过深化司法体制与机制改革，切实解决影响司法公正和制约司法能力的深层次问题。 注重改革的整体设计和通盘考虑，兼顾近期目标与长远目标，统筹内部改革与外部改革，加强改革措施之间的协调配合。 改革方案的设计与实施，应尊重司法规律，因地制宜，循序渐进。 对事关重大的改革举措，必须充分论证，先行试点，总结经验后再全面推广。 坚持自上而下有序推进改革，在不违反法律和司法改革总体要求的前提下，鼓励地方法院就具体改革举措先行探索，积累改革经验，但对事关全局的重大改革，必须在中央统一部署下稳步推进。

30. Gradually improve the position of the four levels of court's duties. 根据宪法和人民法院组织法等法律的规定，按照解决案件纠纷的实际需要，遵循司法规律，进一步明确各级人民法院的职能分工和工作重点。 在注重案件审判的专门化、类型化分工的同时，逐步完善各级人民法院的司法职能定位。

31. Deepen reforms of the case jurisdiction systems. 在依法保障当事人诉讼权利、方便人民群众诉讼的基础上，逐步改变主要以诉讼标的额确定案件级别管辖以及主要以行政区划确定案件地域管辖的做法。 进一步完善指定管辖、提级管辖和集中管辖制度，使依法独立审判可能受到非法干扰的案件、法律适用有疑难的案件和新类型案件，能够由其他法院或上级法院审理，消除当事人对案件管辖可能导致审判不公的质疑，并为下级法院裁判类似案件提供示范，统一裁判尺度。

32.Deepen reform of internal operations mechanisms for the adjudication power. Further implement the collegiate system, deepen the reform of the collegiate bench, improve the discussion methods of the collegiate bench and the powers and responsibilities of the members of the collegiate bench, and effectively solve the problems of collegiality, non-discussion, simple seconding, etc. Establish and improve the performance appraisal system of the collegiate panel. While giving full play to the overall functions of the collegiate panel, explore to promote the responsibility system of the trial judge and improve the trial performance of the collegial panel. Deepen the reform of the adjudication committee system and give full play to the unique role of the adjudication committee in unifying the application and supervision of the law and guiding the trial work. Improve the composition of the adjudication committee, clarify the responsibilities of full-time members of the adjudication committee, improve and perfect the work rules and procedures of the adjudication committee, implement the principle of democratic centralism, and establish a mechanism for supervising the resolution of the adjudication committee. Deepen the reform of the trial management responsibilities of the presidents and division chiefs. The trial management responsibilities of the presidents and division chiefs should focus on the review and approval of relevant procedural matters, the macro-guidance of comprehensive trial work, and the overall supervision and management of trial quality and effectiveness, eliminating the interference of adverse factors to the trial activities and other aspects. Establish a system for the president and division chiefs to exercise trial management power throughout the entire process, strengthen the restraint and supervision of the exercise of trial management power by the president and division chiefs, and prevent the abuse of trial management power.

33. Deepen reforms of enforcement system mechanisms. 建立统一管理、统一协调、分权制约的执行模式，完善执行联动机制。 创新执行工作方式，完善被执行人财产调查制度，强化落实被执行人财产申报制度，用足用好强制执行措施，有效运用各种手段制裁抗拒执行或规避执行的行为。 加快执行信息化建设，推动执行案件信息共享，实施失信被执行人名单公开制度，并将该名单与社会征信体系对接。 加强执行规范化建设，进一步规范执行程序和执行行为，促进处理执行异议、复议和涉执行审判工作的专业化。 进一步完善执行考评机制，加大对消极执行、违法执行行为的责任追究力度。

34. Deepen reforms of the people's courts. 合理调整人民法庭的区域布局，强化人民法庭基本职能，加强人民法庭人员配置，适度扩大人民法庭案件管辖范围。 在综合考虑案件情况、人口数量、区域特点和其他相关因素的基础上，按照就地解决纠纷和工作重心下移的思路，统筹考虑、合理布设人民法庭。

VII. Persist in the directive of strict court governance, strive to establish an excellent court team

35.Truly strengthen ideological and political construction. Continue to deepen the education of the socialist concept of rule of law and judicial core values ​​for judges and other court staff, continue to strengthen the education of judicial conscience and judicial professional ethics, and strive to shape the judicial quality of being honest and law-enforcement. Vigorously promote the spirit of the rule of law and the socialist rule of law culture and court culture with Chinese characteristics, further strengthen the ideals and beliefs of judges and other court staff, and continuously enhance the confidence of judges and other court staff in the path, theory and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

36. Resolutely promote the capacity for fair judiciary. Attach great importance to the cultivation of comprehensive judicial abilities for judges and other court staff, continuously strengthen the education and training of legal theory and legal knowledge, and expand knowledge education in other related fields. Courts at all levels must comprehensively improve their ability to work well with the masses under the new situation, to maintain social fairness and justice, to communicate in the era of new media, and to apply information technology. All judges should strive to improve their ability to control court trials, ascertain facts, apply the law, and resolve contradictions. Improve the training system for judges, improve the training institutions for judges, and guarantee the training funds for judges. 严格保证预备法官的培训时间，建立健全专业审判岗位任职资格和岗前培训制度，适度延长法官任职及晋级的脱产培训时间。 改进培训方式，丰富培训内容，充分运用网络培训、在职培养、续职培养、联合培养、交流挂职和定期轮训、专题培训等形式，积极拓宽法官成才平台。 加强对青年法官的培养，不断壮大专家型法官队伍。

37.Fully strengthen the establishment of judicial integrity Earnestly implement the responsibility system for building a clean and honest government, and further promote the establishment of a system for punishing and preventing corruption by the people's courts. Strengthen judicial cleanliness education and the construction of clean governance culture, educate all judges and other court staff to maintain noble character and clean conduct, and maintain the bottom line of professional ethics of fair justice. Aiming at the system malpractices and management loopholes that are prone to corruption, reform and innovate the system and mechanism, further improve the clean government system that resists the temptation of money, the interference of human relations, and avoid conflicts of interest, and take more effective measures to ensure the rigid operation of the clean government system. With the operation of adjudication power as the core, continue to build an anti-corruption risk prevention and control mechanism that conforms to the rules of adjudication, strengthen internal supervision measures such as judicial inspections, adjudication inspections, and the establishment of anti-corruption supervisors in the adjudication execution department, and effectively strengthen the control and supervision of the operation of adjudication rights, ensuring fair and clean justice. Continue to pay close attention to the implementation of the "five prohibitions" and other disciplinary regulations, and resolutely investigate and deal with corruption and illegal acts such as bribery, corruption, and abuse of power.

38. Move forward with strengthening the construction of judicial work styles. 始终把一切为了群众，一切依靠群众，从群众中来、到群众中去作为人民法院工作的出发点和落脚点，找准人民法院工作与坚持群众路线的结合点。 始终站稳群众立场，坚持群众观点，增强群众感情，维护同人民群众的血肉联系，努力赢得群众信赖，把司法为民的理念内化于心，外化于行。 发扬理论联系实际，一切从实际出发，坚持求真务实的工作作风，鼓励和培养广大法官及法院其他工作人员树立吃苦耐劳、不畏艰辛、淡泊名利、敢于担当、勇于奉献的职业精神，用优良操守和人格魅力赢得社会尊重。

39. Steady advance the establishment of systems for categorical management in the courts. 切实遵循审判工作规律和干部管理规律，按照“正规化、职业化、专业化”的标准，逐步建立起分类科学、结构合理、职责明晰、管理规范的制度体系。 按照中央司法改革的总体要求，坚持从我国国情和审判工作实际出发，进一步明确法官、审判辅助人员和司法行政人员责权关系，结合工作要求和岗位职责等因素，科学设置各类人员职级比例和职数编制。 进一步完善法官单独职务序列制度及配套措施，推进书记员、司法警察的职务序列管理，健全审判辅助人员、司法行政人员管理措施。

40. Gradually promote reform in the judicial selection system. 通过推动相关立法的完善，进一步严格法官任职条件。 完善并落实法官逐级遴选机制，逐步实行上级法院法官从下级法院法官中选拔。 进一步扩大法官遴选范围，注重从律师群体及其他法律实务部门且具有基层工作经历的人员中选拔法官，吸引社会上的优秀法律人才加入法官队伍。 优化法官选任程序和方式，切实保证选准选好法官人才。

41. Improve judicial performance evaluation mechananisms. 建立以信息技术为支撑、符合审判工作规律、科学合理的审判业绩考评机制，在晋职晋级、评先评优等方面充分体现考评结果的作用。 建立完善常态化表彰奖励机制，有效激发法官立足岗位建功立业的荣誉感和责任心。 通过开展创先争优、评选业务标兵等活动，培养和推出精通业务的专家型法官，充分发挥专家型法官的示范引领作用。 推动建立法官任职退出机制，对不适合从事审判工作的法官，适时调离审判岗位并免去法官职务。

IX. Further strengthen judicial safeguards to support the judiciary for the people and judicial fairness

42. 建立健全法官职业保障机制。 贯彻落实法官法，加强法官职业保障，建立健全法官职务身份保障机制、依法履职履责保障机制、人身安全保护机制等，切实保障法官依法履行司法职责。 逐步改善法官的工作生活条件，不断增强法官职业的责任感和尊荣感。

43. Continue to strengthen courts' economic safeguards. Consolidate and deepen the reform accomplishments of the courts' economic reforms, to establish and complete mechanisms for orderly increase in courts case handling funds, promoting Central Finance's increase the level of funds transferred to central western intermediate and basic level courts for case handling fees.

44. Accelerate the informationalization of the courts. 按照科技强院的要求，以“天平工程”建设为载体，推动全国四级法院信息化基础设施一体建设、全面覆盖和协调应用。 Build information carriers or platforms such as a case information management system, a case information inquiry system, a judgment document network publishing system, and the official website of the people’s courts across the country that are effectively connected and managed in a unified manner. Adhere to the close integration of infrastructure, upgrading and deep application, and give full play to the role of information networks in judicial statistics, online case handling, online office, judicial openness, trial supervision, trial management, judge training, court publicity, judicial research, and theoretical research.

45.Further reinforce the basic level foundation. 始终坚持面向基层、服务基层、建设基层的方针，继续加强基层法院和人民法庭的规范化、信息化和基础设施建设，着力改善基层法院和人民法庭办案条件。 坚持把对基层法院和人民法庭的专项补贴落实到位，积极协调解决基层基础建设欠债等问题。 加大对基层法院法官的遴选、补充和培训力度。 积极改善基层法官的工作和生活环境，推动相关部门提高基层法官职级比例和生活待遇，切实解决基层人才流失、法官断层等现实问题，努力营造优秀人才乐于留在基层、安心干在基层的制度机制。 加大对基层法院工作的指导力度，建立健全上级法院法官到基层交流任职制度，帮助基层法院和人民法庭不断提高司法能力和水平，推动全国法院基层工作协调平衡发展。

切实践行司法为民，大力加强公正司法，不断提高司法公信力，既是人民法院肩负的光荣历史责任，也是十分复杂的系统工程。 各级人民法院必须始终坚持党的领导，自觉接受各级人民代表大会及其常委会的监督、政协民主监督，依靠政府支持和其他执法机关的配合，不断取得人民群众的信任、理解与支持。 要充分调动和发挥全体法官及法院其他工作人员的积极性和创造性，把工作重心和注意力集中到司法办案的各项工作之中，精心审理每一起案件，扎实做好每一项工作，既要有效解决当前存在的突出问题，让社会各界感受到人民法院工作的新风貌、新成效，更要着眼于制度和机制建设，从根本上保证司法为民、公正司法的长期效果，保证司法公信力持续稳定提高。

Supreme People's Court
September 6, 2013