| Chinese | English | Discussion |
|---|---|---|
| 社会信用 | Social Credit | "Refers to the status of natural persons with full civil capacity, legal persons and unincorporated organizations' compliance with legally prescribed obligations, or performance of contractual obligations, in social and economic activities." While now used as a term of art, for a general policy directive on record keeping and analysis, the connotation may be different in English and Chinese. The Chinese does not necessarily imply interpersonal relations in 'social', but could easily refer to the public or society [ e.g. 社会资本 literally ‘social capital’ does not share the English meaning of ‘ networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society creating economic value and enabling that society to function effectively;’ but refers to capital that was invested by members of the general public.] Similarly, 'xinyong' or credit, can mean 'believable' as in 讲信用 [literally 'talks credit', but means, one's speech can be trusted]. 'Social credit' was originally used in a broader sense, meaning 'public trust', in the discussion of increasing trust between market actors. |
| 征信 | Credit reporting | A term now generally reserved for discussing financial credit, the ability of people to repay loans. For example, the People's Bank of China offers individual credit reports using this term. |
| 诚信 | Creditworthiness, (Integrity) | In social credit, this term is used almost exclusively to refer to a moral assessment component. As one of the 12 'Core Socialist Values' this term is translated as Integrity. |
| 失信 | Untrustworthy, Untrustworthiness (dishonest，faith-breaking) | In the social credit context, refers specifically to failures to perform on legal obligations. Breach of conduct, loan defaults, administrative regulatory violations etc. are all 'untrustworthy conduct' |
| 守信 | Trustworthy (promise-keeping, faith keeping) | The term used for enterprises and individuals that fulfill legal obligations. |
| 失信被执行人 | Judgment Defaulters | A 被执行人 is a person subject to a court enforcement order, and the 失信 tells us that they are a person who has failed to perform on the court judgment against them. |
| 黑名单 | Blacklist | Blacklists in social credit are sometimes known as lists of those with 'serious unlawful untrustworthy conduct' which is more intuitively accurate. Social credit blacklists are industry specific lists of enterprises or individuals with serious violations of industry regulations. Exact criteria for entry onto blacklists is laid out in legal authority. |
| 红名单 | Redlist | Redlists are industry-specific lists of enterprises and individuals who have maintained good standing (not violated legal obligations) for a certain period of time. |
| 公共信用信息 | Public credit information | Information produced or acquired by government bodies such as administrative organs, judicial organs, public enterprises or public institutions, during the performance of their duties or the provision of services. Governments produce directories of the type of public information that will be collected, and some types of information collection are strictly prohibited, Per Draft Social Credit Law article 65：Public Credit Information" as used in this Law refers to credit information produced or acquired by state organs and organizations authorized by laws or regulations to have public affairs management duties in the course of performing legally-prescribed duties or in the provision of public services. |
| 市场信用信息 | Market credit information | Information produced, collected, or acquired by Market Credit Information Providing Units, such as credit service establishments, industry associations, and other enterprises and public institutions, during the course of their production and operations activities |
| 统一社会信用代码 | Uniform Social Credit Code | An 18-digit identification code to which all government data and more is attached. For natural persons (humans) it is their national ID card number For legal persons(corporations) and other organizations, it is a new composite number:  |
| 金融信用信息基础数据库 | Basic Financial Credit Information Databases | A data base of lending information established by the People's Bank of China in 2003 and operated by the bank's Credit Reporting Center |
| 信用承诺 | Credit Pledge | An assurance provided by a company that it will comply with certain rules, obtain licenses, make changes, etc; that is accepted in lieu of some administrative inspections or checks. Credit pledges to not relapse are also sometimes solicited from 'untrustworthy' entities. Per Draft Social Credit Law article 7: "Credit pledges" as used in this law refers to pledges made to relevant departments (units) or the public by credit information subjects about their credit status or future performance of obligations. |
| 社会信用信息 | Social Credit Information | Objective data and materials that can be used to identify, analyze, and judge the status of Information Subjects compliance with law and performance on agreements. |
| 信用信息 | Credit Information | " Credit Information" as used in this Law, refers to information that can be used to recognize the identity and credit status of natural persons with full civil competency, legal persons, and unincorporated organizations Draft Social Credit Law |
| 信用监管 | Credit Regulation | "Credit Regulation" as used in this Law refers to departments that have regulatory duties in accordance with law rationally and reasonably assessing the credit status of regulatory subjects based on their credit records and credit appraisals, and carrying out hierarchical and categorized regulation on this basis. Draft Social Credit Law Article 8 |
| 社会信用体系建设 | Establishment of a Social Credit System | "Establishment of a social credit system", as used in this Law, refers to the state mobilizing and leading government, market, and all social forces to promote the establishment of creditworthiness in government affairs, creditworthiness in commercial affairs, societal creditworthiness, and judicial credibility; improving credit reporting systems, regulating the handling of credit information, strengthening credit regulation, completing institutional mechanisms praise creditworthiness and punish untrustworthiness, and advancing the establishment of a culture of creditworthiness. Draft Social Credit Law |
| 严重失信主体名单 | Lists of seriously untrustworthy entities | "Lists of seriously untrustworthy entities" as used in this Law refers to including credit information subjects with seriously untrustworthy violations of law in lists for management. |
| 基础信息 | Basic information | Basic information refers to information used to identify credit information subjects' identities and indicate their basic circumstances. Draft Social Credit Law Article 58 |
| 公共信用信息 | Public Credit Information Reports | Draft Social Credit Law Article 65： "Public Credit Information Reports" as used in this Law refers to the activities of state organs and organizations authorized by laws or regulations to have public affairs management duties to centralize the provision or display of a credit information subjects' Public Credit Information in accordance with law based on that credit information subjects' application or authorization. |
| 公共信用评价 | Public Credit Information appraisal | "Public Credit Information appraisal" as used in this Law refers to activities in the comprehensive use of diverse methods such as statistical methods, modeling, and field certification based on Public Credit Information, to conduct an assessment of credit information subjects' credit status and to present or display it in a suitable form such as a grade or quantitative standard. -- Draft Social Credit Law article 65 |
| 征信体系 | Credit reporting system | "Credit reporting system" as used by this law refers to the arrangement of relevant institutions, systems, and regulations based on credit reporting operations. Draft Social Credit Law Article 71 |
| 征信业务 | Credit Reporting Operations | "Credit Reporting Operations" as used in this Law refers to activities in the collection, sorting, storage, and processing of credit information, and its provision to credit users. - Draft Social Credit Law Article 72 |
| 征信业务 | Credit Reporting bodies | “Credit Reporting bodies" as used in this Law refers to lawfully established institutions primarily carrying out credit reporting operations. Draft Social Credit Law article 73 |
| 信用报告 | Making credit reports / credit reports | Distinguish from 征信， credit reporting "Making credit reports" as used in this law refers to the activities in the collection, sorting, storage, and processing of credit information, forming information databases, and lawfully providing or displaying credit information based on the application or authorization of the related entity. Draft Social Credit Law article 77. |
| 信用评分 | Credit scoring | "Credit scoring" as used in this law refers to activities using statistical methods and modeling based on relatively more systematic credit information to assess credit information subjects' credit status and present or display it in the forms such as a score. -- Draft Social Credit Law Article 78 |
| 信用评级 | Credit Rating | "Credit Rating" as used in this Law refers to activities of conducting an analysis of credit risk factors that impact legal person economic entities or their debt financing tools and making a comprehensive appraisal of their ability and willingness to repay debts, and displaying this through a credit rating symbol defined in advance. Draft Social Credit Law article 79 |
| 信用调查 | Credit Investigation | "Credit Investigation" as used in this Law refers to activities at the commission of clients using methods such as information queries, interviews, and on-site inspections to learn about and appraise the credit status of the investigation's subject and provide an investigation report to provide a reference for clients in making transactions, addressing overdue accounts and economic disputes, selecting trading partners, and so forth. Draft Social Credit Law article 80 |
| 信用咨询 | Credit Consultation | "Credit Consultation" as used in this law refers to activities such as using credit information data and professional analysis techniques to assist individuals, enterprises, and other organizations in recognizing, preventing, and managing credit risks, as well as providing credit risk monitoring and credit risk resolution plans. Draft Social Credit Law article 81. |
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